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定语从句和宾语从句的不同
定语从句
在复合句中,修饰名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句。
被定语从句修饰的词叫“先行词”。
引导定语从句的词叫关系代词或关系副词。
下面我们结合例句来看一下由that, which, who和whom引导的定语从句:
1.关系代词that引导的定语从句。that在从句中作主语或宾语,可以指人,也可以指物。
如:A plane is a machinethatcan fly. (作主语,指物)
That’s is the best hotelthatI know. (作宾语,指物)
Who is the manthatis reading a book over there? (作主语,指人)
The girlthatwe saw yesterday is Jim’s sister. (作宾语,指人)
2.关系代词which引导的定语从句。which在从句中作主语或宾语,只可以指物。
如:They planted some treeswhichdidn’t need much water. (作主语,指物)
The fishwhichwe bought this morning were not fresh. (作宾语,指物)
3.关系代词who和whom引导的定语从句。who和whom只可以指人,分别在从句中作主语或宾语,口语中通常用who代替whom。
如:The boywhobroke the window is called Tom. (作主语,指人)
The person towhomyou talked just now is Mr Smith. (作宾语,指人)
宾语从句
用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。
引导宾语从句的词有:连词that, whether, if;连接代词who, whose, what, which;连接副词when, where, how, why等。
如:I doubtwhetherhe will succeed.
I wonderwhathe’s writing to me about.
I’ll tell youwhyI asked you to come.
注意:
1.宾语从句既可跟在及物动词后面,也可跟在介词后,还可跟在形容词后。
如:I don’t knowwho all the people are.
Please find outwhen the ship sails for New York.
He was afraidthat the other kids would laugh at him.
2.当宾语从句后有宾语补足语时,则需要用it做形式宾语,而将宾语从句后置。
如:I finditstrangewhat she said at the meeting.
We have madeitclearthat we will learn to deal with various difficult problems.